Under the order, acceptable proof includes a US passport, REAL ID-compliant driver’s license or state ID, military ID, or other government-issued photo identification. Without such documentation, citizens may be barred from casting a ballot in federal contests.

The order also directs state election officials to work with federal agencies to verify voter rolls and remove noncitizens. In addition, it changes mail-in voting rules: all ballots must now arrive by election day to be counted, ending policies in some states that allowed late-arriving, postmarked ballots.

Legal experts predict a wave of challenges in the courts. They argue the order may overstep presidential authority by centralizing election oversight, a responsibility traditionally managed by individual states.

Opponents warn the changes could suppress voter turnout and deepen existing barriers for marginalized groups. Backers counter that the order is a safeguard against