Lawmakers describe the overhaul as a move toward accountability and self-sufficiency, while advocates warn that vulnerable families could face greater risk of food insecurity.

According to the Congressional Budget Office, the program will see $187 billion in funding reductions between now and 2034 — the largest shift to food assistance rules in decades. Key updates include stricter work requirements, eligibility restrictions, and a shift in administrative costs from the federal government to states. One of the most significant changes expands the work requirement age from 18–54 up to 64, meaning older adults who once qualified without work hours will now need at least 80 hours per month to maintain long-term benefits. Some exemptions remain for medical limitations, but several protections for groups like homeless individuals, veterans, and those who aged out of foster care have been removed.

Critics say