Little Albert was the baby at the heart of one of psychology’s most controversial experiments – now considered “medical misogyny.” For decades nobody knew the identity of the infant, who died only six years after the study that conditioned him to fear everything furry.

In the 1890s, Russian neurologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs responded to the sound of a bell, salivating as they connected the noise with food, demonstrating conditioned learning, or conditioned reflex. Continues…